Profit and Loss

C P(Cost Price):
The Price at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price or In short called  C.P. or Cost price is amount of money goes out from us when purchase any article.

SP (Selling Price):
The price at which an article is sold, called its selling price or In short called SP.
Selling Price is a amount of money came in when selling by anything. 

 Profit or Gain:
If S.P. is greater than C.P, then seller is said to have a profit or gain.
(S.P) – (C.P)


 Loss:
If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller said to have a loss.
Loss = (C.P) – (S.P)
 
Marked Price:
When we purchase any item we saw the label price or Marked Price or listed Price and denoted by M.P.

. Profit and Loss is always calculated on C.P (Cost Price).
Gain percent Shortcut tricks

= (Gain x 100/C.P)

Example: Rajan purchases an article for Rs.40 and sells it for Rs. 60. Find his gain percent.
Answer: C.P = 40 and S.P = 60.
Gain= 60 – 40 = 20.
Gain % = 20 x 100/40 = 50%

Loss percent Shortcut tricks
Formula: Loss% = (Loss x 100/C.P)

Example:
10% loss on selling price is what percent loss on the cost price ?
Answer:
consider selling price be = Rs.100, Then loss = Rs.10
Cost price = Rs.( 100 + 10 ) = 110

Loss% = (Loss x 100/C.P)
 So, loss% = (10 / 110 x 100 ) = 100 / 11 %

Find selling Price Profit and Loss Shortcut tricks
Formula: S.P = (100+Gain %) /100 x C.P.

Example:  If C.P of a product is a Rs. 180 , Gain = 30%, then Find the S.P.
Answer:  S.P =?
S.P = 130% of Rs. 180, Gain = (100+30) = 130, (130/100 x 180) = Rs.234
So Selling Price is Rs. 234


Example: If S.P of a article is Rs. 240 then Gain 20%, Find the C.P.
Answer:
120   240
100     ?
100 x 240/ (120) = 200

Example:
Find the single discount equivalent to a series discount of 30%, 20% and 10%.
Answer:
Let price be Rs. 100.
Then Net S.P = (90 x 80 x 70 / 100 x 100 x 100) x 100
= 36 x 7 / 5
= 252 / 5
= 50.4.
Required Discount is = (100 – 50.4) = 49.6

Example:
The Profit earned by selling an article for Rs.630 is equal to the loss incurred when the same article is sold for Rs. 370. What should be the sale price for making 50% profit?

Answer:
Let C.P price be x
Then
630 – x = x – 370
2x =1000
x = 500
Required S.P = 150% of 500
= 150 x 500 / 100
= 750